Rp photonics encyclopedia effective refractive index. I have tried doing tutorials, asking professors at my university and emailing comsol support, yet i am still not able to probe the effective refractive index of the. The ycomponent of the efield propagating in the lowrefractiveindex confinement case for a silicon waveguide with a length of 10 um final thoughts on silicon waveguides. At the same time the computation results are verified by using comsol software. The effect of geometry parameters on light harvesting. In more detail, supposing that the effective refractive index changes by n eff due to a change of the refractive index of the environment by n, equation 6 takes the form 0, 0,res res eff eff r nn 2 m s oo 11 where o 0,res. This structure provides an effective sound path, resulting in a high effective refractive index n eff and effective impedance z eff. When doing a parametric sweep i calculate the effective refractive index for a few wavelengths i want to use the maximum value for each wavelength in another calculation. Wang2 1school of mathematics and physics, changzhou university, jiangsu changzhou, china 2institute of modern optical technologies, soochow university, jiangsu suzhou, china abstract it is a complex problem to calculate the photonic crystal. Study of bending losses in optical fibers using comsol. As we simulate the pcf structure by using comsol, we get effective refractive index corresponding to the wavelength and we know that the dispersion parameter is the second order derivative of the. This paper presents four rings square, circular, and hexagonal photonic crystal fiber pcf geometry for analyzing different optical properties in a wavelength ranging from 800 nm to 1600 nm.
Study of the variation of refractive index for different. In comsol you can use a parameter run to sweep the wavelength. The main aim of this investigation is the calculation of effective indexes ei of the following structures. The performance of these modulators are simulated using comsol software version 4. As the photonic crystal expands, the density of particles within each stack decreases, which reduces the effective refractive index of the stack. Has anyone calculated effective refractive index in pcf. While the refractive index of a homogeneous transparent medium is based on a rather simple concept, the effective refractive index in a waveguide such as an optical fiber is somewhat more difficult to understand and is in fact often misunderstood in a usual singlemode fiber, the guided propagation mode extends significantly. The effective refractive index of the sample was calculated from the simulated transmission and reflection coefficients using a standard retrieval procedure 12. Parametric simulations of slanted 1d photonic crystal sensors. I obtain the real part of refractive index for photonic mode and plasmonic mode are 2. For pcf designs with diameter of holes equal 4 m, the cladding refractive. Design and characterization study of endless single mode. As shown below, these effective properties depend on the. In this project, the student will be able to fabricate and characterize silicon pillars in a configuration where the effective refractive index becomes zero.
What is the physical meaning of effective refractive index. This is down to the effective refractive index between the stacks and the medium changing. How can i calculate an effective refractive index by using. Electronics circuits keep shrinking in dimensions, as requested by moores law. For simple cases, the free software rp fiber calculator is sufficient definition. Increasing cladding refractive index increases the effective refractive index n eff and this generally cause a reduction in the power flow along the fibre see figure 8 figure 9.
I want to simulate the complex refractive index neff by comsol, then calculate the optical loss in the waveguide obtained by using. Therefore, the system can function as a refractive index sensor. How i can draw the effective indexwavelength diagram in the comsol. Comsol software users who are onsubscription should submit their questions via the support center for a more comprehensive response. Effective refractive index the effective refractive index is seen to be following a general decreasing trend to increasing wavelength fig. Wave optics module application gallery examples comsol. Effective index sometimes means a number that will be useful in characterizing a material when a 2d simulation will be used to approximate propagation on a 3d structure. Browse the threads and share your ideas with the comsol community.
By default comsol understands first column position 0 in default as wavelength. Analysis of optical properties for square, circular and hexagonal. The comsol discussion forum covers a wide variety of simulation topics. A study on refractive index sensors based on optical micro. In this paper, comsol multiphysics commercial package software is. Follow 14 views last 30 days subhashish tiwari on 21 may 2015. Research of dispersion characters in hexagonal photonic. In this work, we took a two dimensional photonic crystal composed of square lattice of rods in an air background with lattice constant a0. Optical constants of inas indium arsenide aspnes and studna 1983.
So you need to mention n position 1 and k position 2. The software rp fiber power has a mode solver which calculates effective refractive indices among various other mode properties. Coming to refractive index file which has both n k values, you can import the file and mention n and k positions. These three types of geometry have been used for analyzing effective area, propagation constant, confinement loss and waveguide dispersion. By using interval traversal algorithm the effective refractive index of cladding. Such system could present exotic phenomena with great possibilities for integrated platforms. This material model assumes zero conductivity and unit relative permeability. Comsol multiphysics refractive index modeller waves. For each wavelength you will get the effective refractive index. Modeling of materials in wave electromagnetics problems. This is the first blog post in the silicon photonics blog series, where we will discuss different optical components in detail and how a finite element analysis tool such as comsol multiphysics can help design these.
To detect the fundamental and higherorder modes, the. Ive been working on calculating the effective refractive index of a photonic crystal based on a parametric sweep of a geometric parameter in comsol 4rf modulemode analysis. In a grating with large feature sizes, light is diffracted into different spatial locations or. The insert represents a principle sketch of the parabolic refractive index profile. Numerical approach to modeling and characterization of refractive. How to calculate dispersion parameter of the pcf by using comsol software. I modeled my design in comsol in wave optics ewfd and. As this effective refractive index decreases so too does the depth of the bandgap and the.
The application gallery features comsol multiphysics tutorial and demo app files. Modeling and simulation of high permittivity coreshell ferroelectric po for enlymers ergy storage solutions. Comsol multiphysics an overview sciencedirect topics. The closure problems were solved numerically using the commercial software comsol multiphysics 5. Modelling of optical waveguide using comsol multiphysics ijert. Alfonso prietoguerrero, gilberto espinosaparedes, in linear and nonlinear stability analysis in boiling water reactors, 2019. Modeling and analysis of a miniaturized ring modulator using siliconpolymermetal hybrid plasmonic phase shifter. Design and performance evaluation of photonic crystal. To achieve this, we need a lowloss nanoscale waveguide with a drastically reduced mode area and an. How i can draw the effective indexwavelength diagram in. Learn more about fdtd, effective refractive index, fem matlab.
While the effective refractive index difference is 1. Particular functionality may be common to several products. The inner core is made of pure silica glass with refractive index n1 1. In the context of waveguide optics, the term effective refractive index also exists. Engineering the flow of light using photonic crystals comsol blog. Refractive index is the default option for the wave optics module. A dispersion curve represents the variation of the effective refractive index with respect to the length of the waveguide or the operating frequency. What is the connection between the refractive index of a. Design and theoretical analysis of a photonic crystal. To model this photonic crystal in the comsol multiphysics software. The oam transmission fiber based on stepindex and gradedindex. In this paper, a number of polymeric waveguide structures have been analyzed by using two distinct techniques which are.
Project silicon based zeroindex metamaterials fabrication. More effective 3d antenna functions from 2d axisymmetric models. The phase of the amplifier, proportional to an effective refractive index for our purposes, is the blue curve. Modelling of optical waveguide using comsol multiphysics. How simulate the complex refractive index neff by comsol. How to model optical anisotropic media with comsol. The outcomes show a large effective refractive index difference of above 1 0. Effective refractive index calculating effective refractive indices. To plot the dispersion diagram the effective refractive index vs. A refractive index is a property of the material itself. The proposed pcfs support up to 38 oam states with 1,200 nm bandwidth ranging from 800 nm to 2,000 nm. For example, glass has a refractive index of about 1. Effective index comsol multiphysics modeling software.
Analysis of optical properties for square, circular and. Engineering the flow of light using photonic crystals. In contrast, photonic waveguides and circuit elements still have lateral dimensions on the order of the wavelength. Sound pressure level gain in an acoustic metamaterial cavity.
The effective refractive indices for this model were again calculated using both a comsol direct solver and the dimension reduction. Effective index is sometimes used to mean modal index, but that is a bad choice of words because effective index is a term used for other things too. I emphasize yet again that the kk relationships only determine absorption refractive index to within an arbitrary additive constant, so thats why the blue curve has both positive and negative values it can be added to any constant. To detect the fundamental and higherorder modes, the number of modes to search is increased to 50. The practical refractive index of the lens is realized by controlling the mixing ratio of a polymer to air void. How can i calculate an effective refractive index by using comsol. This software works within the finite element method framework and it contains advanced numerical routines to handle challenger. Silica glass is chosen as background material and the cladding. Ref encyclopedia articles on effective refractive index.
A key to make photonics have a microelectronicslike development is a drastic reduction of size. This model solves for the effective index and fields of a dielectric slab. The dimensions of unit cell are designed with effective medium theory and verified by the fullwave. Modeling and analysis of a miniaturized ring modulator. Effective refractive index can be assigned for each p ropagation modes, a ccording to the phase velocity. Calculation and simulation of optical fiber core and cladding mode. Diagonal anisotropy a modal analysis is performed while parametrically sweeping the length of the waveguide from 0. Now an effective refractive index can be given for an optical component e. This model is an example of a single stepindex waveguide made of silica glass. Effective refractive index is an important term for pcf which has. Trial software has anyone calculated effective refractive index in pcf.
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